An AV fistula may fail for various reasons, including low or poor blood flow, failure to mature, excessive pain, a sclerotic vein, and a thrombotic vein. Failure can be disheartening to a patient who ...

The endoscopic device manufactured by Maquet was originally developed for harvesting of the saphenous vein and radial artery as conduits for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These vessels are ...