Normal cardiac function depends on the adequate timing of excitation and contraction in the various regions of the heart and on an appropriate pacemaker rate. This complex task is implemented by the ...

In patients with atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), the occurrence of nonsurgical AV block has been reported. We have looked for an explanation in the development of the AV conduction system.

When high doses of AV blocking drugs are not successful to lower ventricular rates in the setting of atrial fibrillation, AV node ablation can be utilized. Remember that all atrial action potentials ...