A conventional production fed-batch process involves a multi-stage seed expansion and elaborate clarification steps to isolate the protein of interest from other process impurities. The current ...

One piece flow processes are a type of optimization method that possess some significant advantages over batch processing, especially with respect to waste reduction, time reduction and increased ...

Nature makes amide bonds—the key linkages that string together amino acids in a polypeptide—like a knitting whiz. The ribosome in Escherichia coli bacteria, for example, can make eight amide bonds in ...