This paper focuses on studying regional controllability and observability for fractional linear systems using the conformable derivative of order 0 < α ≤ 1. Utilizing fractional calculus theory and ...

Parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) play a pivotal role in modelling processes that involve diffusion and thermal dynamics. Over recent decades, the study of their controllability – the ...

The study of controllability in fluid dynamics systems examines the capability to steer the behaviour of fluids—whether in natural phenomena or engineered applications—through the application of ...