A serial transmission method that uses a closed loop. It originated with teletype machines that transmitted 20 mA (milliamperes) of current for a 1 bit and the absence of current for a 0 bit. A 60 mA ...

This application note’s primary goal is to provide an easy-to-understand primer for users who are not familiar with 4-20mA current-loops and their applications. Some of the many topics discussed ...

Significant efficiency and performance improvements can be realized by improving the current loop’s power supplies, replacing linear regulators with high-efficiency buck regulators. It also increases ...

Here’s a question for you: when your PCB has a ground plane layer, where do return signals flow? It seems like a trick question, but as [Kristof Mulier] explains, there’s more to return path routing ...