Numerical methods for differential and integral equations are indispensable in modern applied mathematics and engineering, offering tools to approximate complex physical phenomena where analytical ...

NCERT Exemplar problems are a very good resource for preparing the critical questions like Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions. Questions provided in the NCERT Exemplar not only make the ...

First‑order differential equations, linear and separable equations, integrating factors, applications. Second‑order linear differential equations. Fundamental solutions, linear independence, Wronskian ...