The International Comparison Program (ICP) comparisons of gross domestic product (GDP) are based on the value of an individual item equaling the product of its price and quantity (that is, the ...
Purchasing power parities (PPPs) are primarily used to convert economies’ national accounts expenditures on GDP and its components into a common currency. PPPs control for differences in price levels ...
Recent research on tourism expenditure patterns has increasingly sought to unravel the complex interplay of microeconomic, demographic and psychographic determinants that underpin the spending ...