Iron and its alloys, such as steel and cast iron, dominate the modern world, and there's growing demand for iron-derived products. Traditionally, blast furnaces transform iron ore into purified ...

The blast furnace remains the cornerstone of high‐volume ironmaking, utilising complex thermal and chemical reactions to reduce iron oxides into molten iron. Contemporary operations place increasing ...

Blast furnace ironmaking has long underpinned primary steel production through the smelting of iron ore in a counter‐current reactor. However, the inherent carbon intensity of this process has ...

It’s the shape and porosity, not the size, of metal oxide particles that matter for efficiency in electrochemical ironmaking. Iron and its alloys, such as steel and cast iron, dominate the modern ...