An experimental study of spray structures from a regular dual-stream (RDS) injector and an air-shrouding dual-stream (ASDS) injector was carried out extensively to understand the spray characteristics ...

SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 7, No. 3 (November 2014), pp. 792-802 (11 pages) ABSTRACT Ethanol direct injection (EDI) is a new technology to use ethanol fuel more ...

The field of spray atomization and injector dynamics is pivotal to optimising combustion efficiency and minimising pollutant emissions across a range of industrial applications. This area of research ...

This study investigates the formation of wall films in direct injection engines, a key factor in particulate matter generation. The results show that cold fuel adheres more to the wall creating ...

Innovation: Bosch uses lasers to drill spray holes with precise shapes in fuel injectors. This improves fuel atomization and mixing with air. The holes can reduce unburned hydrocarbons during startup ...

Most new petrol cars you see today are equipped with fuel injection systems or injector motors. These have almost wholly supplanted older carburetor motors. They are more reliable, effective, and ...

Here’s how you started a car with a carburetor on a cold morning back in the “good old days.” You’d pull out the choke, pump the throttle a few times, and turn the key. If you didn’t overdo it and ...