Glia constitute roughly half of the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) butwere long-considered to be static bystanders to its formation and function. Here we provide an overview of how the ...

The sympathetic nervous system, which helps your heart and other vital organs function all the time, increases activity in response to danger or stress, preparing the body for extra demands. Stress is ...

How does the gut microbiota impact the nervous and mucosal immune systems? The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of two ganglionated neural networks within the gut wall known as the myenteric and ...

Hormones are a crucial part of the body's signaling system, and the controlled release of these compounds affects tissues around the body. Each of these hormones induces specific responses from these ...

A new study on the intramuscular nerve cords of octopuses reveals that they are connected in a unique and unexpected geometric structure. Octopuses are not much like humans -- they are invertebrates ...

We are born with a biological survival system that is designed to respond to any environmental or psychological threat presented to us. Our nervous system is constantly processing information and ...