A mathematical technique for dealing with imprecise data and problems that have many solutions rather than one. Although it is implemented in digital computers which ultimately make only yes-no ...

Fuzzy logic provides a mathematical framework for dealing with imprecise and vague concepts, proving particularly amenable to the challenges posed by natural language. Its capacity to navigate ...

Then in the early 20th century, Jan Lukasiewicz proposed a three-valued logic (true, possible, false), which never gained wide acceptance. In 1965, Lotfi A. Zadeh of the University of California at ...

In a previous article, we explored the Strong Artificial Intelligence Hypothesis, first presenting a low-level description based on the notion of a neural network (bottom-up framework). In this work, ...

By operating in the gray zone, states preserve escalation optionality, avoid reputation-locking commitments, and retain the ability to shift posture without incurring sudden political or strategic ...

Type-2 fuzzy logic systems have emerged as a powerful extension of traditional fuzzy logic, providing enhanced capability to model uncertainty and imprecision in complex systems. Unlike type-1 systems ...

Bank fraud and money laundering are big business for criminals and big headaches for financial institutions. Fraud losses run into billions of dollars every year. Verafin is putting a dent in those ...

A fuzzy logic approach to analyzing water quality could help reduce the number of people in the developing world forced to drink polluted and diseased water for survival. Writing in a forthcoming ...

This paper presents a logical description of the phytosociological typology. The vagueness of vegetation units, ascertained by many authors, has been explicated by means of formal tools developed by ...