All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology and ...

An artificial neural network models biological synapses and neurons and can be used to make predictions for complex data sets. Neural networks and their associated algorithms are among the most ...

Understanding the feed-forward mechanism is required in order to create a neural network that solves difficult practical problems such as predicting the result of a football game or the movement of a ...

Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

Computers close computerA device that processes information by following a set of rules called a program. and digital devices work by storing and processing information. If information has been ...

Our work represents one of the first attempts to assess the impact of IT (information technology) on both process output and quality. We examine the optical character recognition and barcode sorting ...