A large standard goniometer (Jamar, Clifton, NJ, USA) was used to measure passive knee extension ROM. Knee extension ROM was measured with the patients in supine position with the heel elevated on a ...

Background Knee extensor strength and knee extension range of motion (ROM) are important predictors of physical function in patients with a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the relationship ...

Background Proprioception (joint position sense (JPS), kinaesthesia, force sense (FS)) is of interest in knee injury prevention. Recent work reports existing knee proprioception tests are inadequate ...