Derivative-free optimisation techniques have emerged as indispensable tools in addressing complex problems where gradient information is either unavailable or unreliable. Such methods bypass the need ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Under what circumstances can finite difference approximations serve as substitutes for analytical derivatives in unconstrained optimization?

Researchers have successfully extended the quantum phase difference estimation algorithm, a general quantum algorithm for the direct calculations of energy gaps, to enable the direct calculation of ...