PLLs (phase-locked loops) are common analogcircuits in SOCs (systems on chips). Almost allSOCs with a clock rate greater than 30 MHzuse a PLL for frequency synthesis. However, a“one-size-fits-all” PLL ...

A special technique produces very wide loop BWs in high-frequency PLLs (and hence, indirect (PLL) synthesizers), thereby achieving very low phase noise rivaling that of direct (MMD) synthesizers. A ...

This is Part 1 of a three-part series. As modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher performance than ever before, they’re ...

Few topics in electrical engineering have demanded as much attention over the years as the phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL is arguably one of the most important building blocks necessary for modern ...