This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Background and Aims Organisms often balance among reproduction, growth and survival. When these processes are in competition, selection may ...

Add Yahoo as a preferred source to see more of our stories on Google. Unfurling fiddlehead of the Christmas fern (_Polystichum acrostichoides_). Jacob S. Suissa, CC BY-ND Imagine a photograph of your ...

(a) Sporophytes and (b) independent gametophytes. (c) Strap-like individual gametophytes under the microscope. Scale bar is 5.0mm. (d) Clonal forming (reproduction) by gametophytes under the ...

For the first time, researchers have characterized the genome arrangement of tree ferns, which sheds new insight into how ferns evolved. Land plants evolved 470 million years ago from algae and have ...