The Sphincter of Oddi (SO) plays a vital role in maintaining the normal bile duct pressure, promoting gallbladder excretion and preventing from reflux. When sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) occurs, ...

The prognostic significance of tumor human papillomavirus status in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with combined chemoradiotherapy. Background: Alterations in bowel function ...

A person with cricopharyngeal dysfunction may experience difficulty swallowing or a feeling of something being stuck in their throat. This is because the sphincter does not open properly. Treatment ...