Car-development engineers are invariably discontented with the status quo. That’s especially true in ride-and-handling development, where twin-tube shock absorbers—more accurately called suspension ...

Suspension damping technology has remained relatively unchanged for the past 100 years. Conventional dampers (known to the layperson as shock absorbers) work by forcing a piston through a chamber ...

First, they’re called dampers, not shocks. And dampers, as any suspension engineer will tell you, get no respect. In fact, considered against the noisier, flashier, and more easily seen components of ...

Hydraulic circuits are comprised of cylinders, valves, pumps, and are connected via hydraulic pipes and tubes. The complexity of these components are difficult to represent fully so hydraulic symbol ...