Toll样受体（Toll-like receptors, TLR）是先天免疫系统中发挥重要作用的蛋白，也是连接先天免疫与适应性免疫的关键桥梁。当微生物突破机体物理屏障时，TLR能够迅速识别并结合相应的PAMP（病原体相关分子模式），启动信号传导，诱导促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的表达，引发炎症反应。除PAMP外，TLR还能够识别内源性危险信号（Damage-Associated Molecular Pa ...

On immune cells, Toll-like receptors are capable of detecting infections just like a sniffer dog, using special sensors known as Toll-like receptors, or TLRs for short. But what signals activate TLRs, ...