Abstract: Agriculture plays a crucial role in strengthening a nation’s economy. Crop production largely depends on two key factors: soil fertility and moisture levels. Fertilizer usage is generally ...

Abstract: The increasing challenges of climate extremes, soil degradation, and water scarcity in agriculture necessitate precise monitoring and management of soil conditions. This paper focuses on ...

This project utilizes an Arduino Uno CH340G development board paired with a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor to create a compact yet capable environmental monitoring system. It measures ambient ...

This project implements a soil moisture and temperature sensor using the TI MSP430 microcontroller. The device communicates via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to transmit sensor data to a mobile ...