Learning about potentially harmful stimuli and events is critical in shaping adaptive behavior in a rapidly changing environment. It allows animals to establish and update associations between ...

Classical conditioning, sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning, is one of the most well-known concepts in psychology. It can be described as the concept of learning through association, and ...

I have written previously about the fact that in today’s increasingly digital world, not every person who is compulsive with pornography is a traditional (trauma-driven) compulsive person. (See my ...