Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

Kidney function tests are simple blood and urine tests that can identify problems with your kidneys. These tests can estimate your glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which indicates how quickly your ...

Enzymes help with specific functions that are vital to the operation and overall health of the human body. They help speed up chemical reactions and are essential for respiration, digestion, muscle ...

It has long been suspected that the relative abundance of specific nutrients can affect cognitive processes and emotions. Newly described influences of dietary factors on neuronal function and ...

Gain-of-function research (GOFR) refers to the serial passaging of microorganisms to increase their transmissibility, virulence, immunogenicity, and host tropism by applying selective pressure to a ...

James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Erika Rasure is globally-recognized as a leading consumer economics subject matter expert, researcher, and ...