A decades-old rule in mathematics has just been pushed beyond its long-standing limits, opening new ground for how scientists describe the physical world. At the University of Vaasa in Finland, ...

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the understanding and application of the properties of matter. Materials scientists study the connections between the underlying ...

Quantum Hall is the quantum-level version of the Hall effect: a voltage produced as electrons flow through a magnetic field. In two-dimensional materials and at low temperatures the quantum mechanical ...