Abstract: In this study, FCM and K-means clustering are in contrast to Fuzzy C Means (FCM), which initializes cluster centrist and calculates membership degrees for each data point, allowing for soft ...

This project provides a modular framework for simulating and visualizing different types of cellular automata, with a focus on exploring emergent behaviors, chaotic systems, and complex ...

Abstract: In reversible data hiding (RDH) based on prediction-error-expansion (PEE), the embedding distortion is lower for bit “0” than for bit “1”. To favor bit “0”, a binary matrix embedding ...