Abstract: Modular multiplication (MM) involves multiplication and modular reduction. In this brief, we explore an area-efficient modular reduction for MM on FPGA. We analyze and compare the equivalent ...

Reversible circuits for modular multiplication Cx%M with x M arise as components of modular exponentiation in Shor's quantum number-factoring algorithm. However, existing generic constructions focus ...

In this graph, 𝑥 and 𝑦 are directly proportional. This means that when 𝑥 doubles, 𝑦 also doubles, and when 𝑥 triples, so does 𝑦. In fact, for all coordinates on this line, you could multiply or ...