This paper presents a comprehensive review, modeling, simulation, and evaluation of multipath propagation mechanisms—reflection, scattering, diffraction, and fading—relevant to 5G communication, with ...

For channel modeling, various channel effects, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, path loss, etc., severely affect signal propagation. In addition, atmospheric gases, rainfall, and clouds ...

BRYAN, Texas (KBTX) - In the midst of a foggy Thursday morning, an arc of white stretched above the horizon, catching the eye of many across the Brazos Valley. While similar to a rainbow, this ...

The formation of a rainbow requires the observer to be between the sun and falling rain, with the rain in front and the sun behind. Sunlight passes from behind the observer, refracts as it enters each ...

This work achieves the refraction and reflection of flexoelectric-induced directrons at interfaces. With identical physical properties of the media on both sides of the interface, as well as uniform ...

When light passes through a material, the spatial arrangement of the material’s atoms can cause the light to undergo reflection, refraction, dispersion, or diffusion. Researchers from Heriot-Watt ...

Scientists have demonstrated that negative refraction can be achieved using atomic arrays -- without the need for artificially manufactured metamaterials. Scientists have long sought to control light ...

High-frequency signals, like those used in 5G communications, are reflected by impedance discontinuities. Their shorter wavelengths can change their impedance. When a signal arrives at an impedance ...

First, authors provide an overview of ICAN, including framework, typical systems, and functions. The ICAN system supports both communication and navigation services with advanced network facilities ...