Malic acid supports energy production because it plays a key role in the Krebs cycle. You may use malic acid as a topical oral spray treatment to help improve dry mouth symptoms. Eating apples, ...

There are a few reasons why the word equilibrium stirs up so much debate among economists. One reason is that it is obvious that we live in a world of constant change. Preferences, total stocks of ...

In a peer-reviewed analysis, scientists quantify amino acids before and after our “last universal common ancestor.” The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the single life form that branched into ...

High uric acid levels can lead to gout or kidney stones. Eating less red meat, alcohol, and high-fructose corn syrup can help manage uric acid levels. Medication may be used to treat a related health ...

Tumors are not a comfortable place to live: oxygen deficiency, nutrient scarcity, and the accumulation of sometimes harmful metabolic products constantly stress cancer cells. A research team from the ...

If you have acid reflux or its chronic form, gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), your symptoms might be triggered by acidic fruits, especially citrus. Some fruits are lower in acidity and may be ...

Scientists have developed a new nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based method to measure the acidity (pKa) of “forever chemicals” (PFAS) and their breakdown products. Their results show that many PFAS ...

BUFFALO, N.Y. — One of the ways that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) earn their “forever chemical” nickname and persist in the environment is their acidity. Many of these toxic chemicals ...

Acid reflux refers to the flow of stomach acid back into your esophagus, a connecting tube between your throat and stomach. It is also known as gastroesophageal reflux and occurs as heartburn, a ...