Throughout this tutorial the commands you will type are formatted into the gray text boxes (don't do it when learning but they can be faithfully copied and pasted). The '#' symbol indicates a comment, ...

Within each content area, there are one or more tutorials. Each tutorial consists of lessons. Each lesson should be a page detailing the concept being taught, along with sample code. Lesson and page ...

Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 45320 ...