Abstract: A geometric interpretation of the first-order Marcum Q-function, Q(a,b), is introduced as the probability that a complex, Gaussian random variable with real mean a, takes on values outside ...

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Cheng, R. , Liu, J. , Hao, L. and Wu, D. (2026) On the Application of the Infinitesimal Method to Two Categories of Problems in College Physics. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 14, 378-389. doi: ...