Index modulation (IM) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems represents a transformative approach in modern communications. This technique utilises the indices of active ...

Bacteria employ complex signaling networks for adaptive gene control in changing environments. Bacterial second messenger molecules such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) relay external environmental signals into ...

Frequency modulation (FM) radio is still one of the most commonly used components of entertainment systems in today’s automobiles and plays an important role in overall automotive consumer ratings and ...

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Order this book today at www.elsevierdirect.com or by calling 1-800-545-2522 and receive an additional 20% discount. Use promotion code 92839 when ordering. Offer expires 07/31/2008. Valid only in ...

Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...

The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...