Abstract: The fractional order Cole models are the most common form of electrical equivalent circuits (EEC) to model complex impedance (Z) of various dielectric materials like electrodes, sensors, ...

Abstract: This article investigates the joint state and disturbance estimation for general linear multiinput-multioutput (MIMO) systems that do not satisfy observer matching conditions. Resorting to ...

Early-2026 explainer reframes transformer attention: tokenized text becomes Q/K/V self-attention maps, not linear prediction.

Introduction We aimed to determine the association between paternal labour migration and the growth of the left-behind ...

Step aside, LLMs. The next big step for AI is learning, reconstructing and simulating the dynamics of the real world. Barbara is a tech writer specializing in AI and emerging technologies. With a ...