3D printing techniques enable quieter, higher performing designs for final control elements. Control valve noise is a problem in many plant environments. The sound is created by very high pressure ...

Directional-control valves are vital in any pneumatic circuit, directing or blocking airflow to control the speed or sequence of operations. One method of classifying directional-control valves is by ...

Compressible fluid flow through control valves will inevitably cause some form of flow-induced vibration in the fluid system. Identifying the type and cause of the vibration requires detective work.

HVAC systems that regulate temperature and air quality to keep enclosed areas warm in wintertime typically depend on natural gas combustion to sustain boilers, pumps, radiators, meters, and other ...