Abstract: This paper presents the optimisation of the states of PIN diodes in a design of a pattern reconfigurable antenna operating at a centre frequency of 5 GHz. The proposed design comprises a ...

Abstract: This study aims to improve Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) accuracy by optimizing the Rabin-Karp algorithm with synonym recognition. AES systems play a critical role in education by providing ...

Google launched four official and confirmed algorithmic updates in 2025, three core updates and one spam update. This is in comparison to last year, in 2024, where we had seven confirmed updates, then ...